Showing posts with label Iceland. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Iceland. Show all posts

Sunday, September 3, 2023

My heritage (article) by Leanne Dyck

My friend author Pam Withers asked me to represent Iceland in this celebration of culture.


On Saturday, September 2, I was pleased to accept my friend Author Pam Withers's invitation to read a story at Mayne Island's International Festival. The festival invited islanders to celebrate their cultural background through food shared, music played, jokes told, and stories read. This is what I read...

Hello, I'm Leanne Dyck, and I'm Canadian. I'm Icelandic-Canadian thanks to my mom.

My maternal great-grandparents immigrated from northern Iceland to North America in the late 1800s. They didn't come alone. There are more Icelanders in Canada than anywhere else outside of Iceland. Almost immediately, these new Icelandic-Canadians established a newspaper and a library.

In 2007, thanks to my husband, I fulfilled a lifelong dream to travel to Iceland. Iceland is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean with a population roughly equal to the city of Victoria (on Vancouver Island), and every tenth person is an author. 

There I met distant relatives who went out of their way to make me feel at home. They provided cozy accommodations and served me delicious meals. I globbed ponnukokur (a thin, rolled pancake served with brown sugar and jam), skyr (similar to yogurt), hard fish (buttered dried fish eaten like crackers), and boiled dinner (boiled potatoes, boiled fish, and butter).  I ate too much fermented shark (an Icelandic delicacy) and drank too much Brennivin. Enough about that... And they gave me this...

Ta-da!

photo by ldyck


This Icelandic flag was made in their flag factory. 

While in Iceland, I stayed in Hofsos—a picturesque seaside village. The Hofsos Emigration Centre commemorates Iceland's emigration to North America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and promotes the connection between the people of Iceland and their descendants. (Hofsos Emigration Centre) I was able to trace my lineage back to 900. I descend from a long line of shepherds and sheep farmers. 

While in Hofsos, I was inspired to write a poem. I've continued to work on it off and on ever since. This is what I have so far...


I set sail for a distant land in pursuit of buried treasure.


My ship docked and I set to work.


The frozen ground broke my axe. The molten lava melted my shovel.


I roared at the mountains, "The land I walk is foreign land. The

 sounds I hear are foreign sounds. The air I breathe is foreign air."


I thundered at the sea, "This land of fire and ice is not a part of me."


Exhausted, I fell to my knees.


A distant, muted voice sang in a thick accent from deep within the

earth. "Keep digging, Elskan. We wait."


Elksan means "beloved" or "dear one" in Icelandic.


Icelanders seek connection with one another and to retain the Icelandic culture through the Iceland-based Snorri programs and through the ethnic festival Íslendingadagurinn, which is held every August in Gimli, Manitoba.

Incidentally, the Snorri programs were named in honour of Snorri Thorfinnson, the first settler born in North America. His parents were Icelandic.

'In Icelandic' is a short story inspired by something my Grandma Olafson overheard...


 In Icelandic 

(Please click the link to listen to me read In Icelandic)

The white-haired women were already seated when the young man climbed onto the bus. The minute he sat down, they started talking—in Icelandic.

"He's so handsome," said one of the women.

"Yes," the other agreed. "I wonder if he's married."

Her friend nudged her arm. "Oh, go on. You're much too old."

"Not for me—for my granddaughter. But if I were forty years younger."

They shared a giggle.

The subject of their attention pulled the cord, requesting the bus to stop. The young man offered them a smile as he passed their bench. "Have a good day, ladies," he said—in Icelandic.


Thank you for listening, and thanks to the organizers for this evening of cultural sharing. By sharing our cultures, we all grow richer


You: So, Leanne, you haven't been on stage to give an author reading for at least two, maybe three years. How did it go?

Me: Well...

Sunday, September 13, 2020

Lessons in Icelandic (short story) by Leanne Dyck


How do ensure your culture will survive? What songs do you sing? What stories do you tell? 

This short story was inspired by the Icelandic folklore of the After-Walker--which I learned about in Nelson S. Gerrard's book The Icelandic Heritage.


photo by ldyck

Lessons in Icelandic


On the farm, during haying season, my dad, Uncle Steini, my cousins, and I gathered twigs and built a campfire. Over this fire, we cooked our supper of hot dogs and beans. After supper, Uncle Steini played our favourite songs on his guitar as we sang along... 



"Who is the god of mischief?" my dad asked.

"Loki," one of my cousins cheered.

"The god of art?"

"Bragi," another replied.

"The goddess of love?"

All paused so I could answer, "Freya."

"The father of all the gods?"

"Thor," Uncle Steini roared as we giggled. "He was also the god of war. Sometimes he comes down to Earth and walks among us. When he knocks on your door, what will you do? Will you turn him away?"

"No!" We yelled.

"He could be dressed in rags."

"We'll welcome him."

"He could be dirty, smelly."

"We'll give him food to eat and sit him by the fire."

"Good. Thor is very pleased. Remember what Thor said, children. 'Cattle die, kindred die, you yourself must one day die. The only thing that will not die is the verdict over each man dead.' So live a good life, and do well by all. What is praise-worthy, praise; where action is required, act."

"Tell us a story," we asked my dad and leaned in close, hungry for each word. By the warmth of the campfire, he shared ancient sagas...

After-Walker


Children believe in ghosts. As you lie in your bed on stormy nights, in the rustle of wind through leaves, listen for the voices of the dead. They will speak to you. 

Olafur's saga is whispered by the north wind. Over the waters, over the sky, over the eons, it flies to your ears. The saga tells of a Viking longboat setting sail from Islandia, headed for the new world, Vineland. Aboard this boat was Olafur the Bloodthirsty, your ancestor. The world feared his savage taste for blood.

By day, he was a mighty warrior; his axe never hesitated. As eventide drew nigh, he reached for a mug of mead, his stick, and wool. He wove stitches; he wove garments. He was a master craftsman.

The legend of his skill flew from ear to ear, near and far. The finest garment he ever wove was a hooded cloak with long tassels he wrapped around his neck—the Islandia Hood. It was handsome in appearance, warm to wear. 

Many offered him power, wealth, love to possess it, but he refused all offers. 

He told his brother, Jens, "None shall have the hood. When I die, I will be dressed in it."

Jens swore he would uphold this wish. Death comes to all. Olafur died bravely on the battlefield. Freya came to claim him. 

Olafur reached up to adjust his hood. His fingers discovered its absence. 

Freya tried to soothe him, tried to persuade him to release what no longer served him, but... 

Olafur did not enter Valhalla. He is doomed forever to walk. Greed will not let him rest until he finds his hood. He is an After-Walker. 

(The book mentioned is no longer available)



Recordings

Wednesday, September 16

A short story about the grandpa I never knew.

Saturday, September 19

A humourous short story inspired by island life

Next Sunday...



Short Story:  Author reading on the radio by Leanne Dyck

This short story recounts the day I traveled from Mayne Island to Salt Spring Island to read a story I wrote on the radio--a short trip but a huge step.

If you're looking for me...

I'm over here...

Twitter                                                Linked In

Please follow me.

The Scotiabank Giller long-list has been announced. 

Sharing my author journey...

Remember back in March when our world got really small? Well, back then, I needed something to get my mind off of things that were beyond my control and so I...

Sunday, August 16, 2020

Visiting Iceland (travel adventure short story) by Leanne Dyck


photo by ldyck

This short story is about lovers from two different worlds

Visiting Iceland

It's hard for me to tell you about my time in Iceland. It's too enormous to sum up. But I'll say this—I've never felt so loved. Einar is so handsome. The first time we made love, I couldn't keep my eyes off of him. He could have had any woman he wanted, but he chose me.

Despite his many charms, life with him was less than idyllic.

"Where's the closest mall? I need to go shopping."

"To spend money. To acquire things. There's more to life."

I loved to hear his voice—that accent. But what he said...? Well... 

"Shopping is part of life. You need things to live."

He laughed and swept his hand around, prompting me to consider the surroundings. "What is missing?"

I could have made a list, but it would have taken me too long. 

"What we need, we make. My farm provides."

I was born to shop, so I wouldn't let him stop me from having fun. If I couldn't go in person, I'd go online. All I needed was a computer. Einar let me use his, but... I can't talk Icelandic, so forget reading it.

Sometimes he'd leave me alone on his farm—leaving in the middle of the night. And when I asked where he'd gone, he just said, "Out-- righting wrongs."

Maybe sensing that I was lonely, Einar invited friends over. They sat around the table eating stinking hard fish with pounds of butter and quarts of brennivin. Using as much English as they had, they told me ancient stories. That's how I learned about the Huldufolk—supernatural beings that protect nature. 

One day, Katla, a friend of Einar's who always seemed to be around, waited until we were alone in the kitchen. "Einar is a Huldufolk. He seduced you and brought you here, but you don't belong in his world. He's a protector; you're a user. Go home."

Was she jealous or crazy or...right?

I flew back to Canada. 

Recorded Visiting Iceland and Shared Passion this week.

Related story...


Inspired by the Huldufolk saga

And this fun video I just found on YouTube



Next two Sundays...


August 23
Book Review
Year One by Nora Roberts
Reviewed by Benni Chisholm


August 30
Short Story
Jaron Cardew, author

I'm still here.


photo by ldyck

Follow, follow me...


                                                Linked In


Sharing my author journey...

What if writer's block was...

Sunday, February 3, 2019

Literary retreats--a world full (list) by Leanne Dyck

A list of literary retreats--just you and your writing in North America and Europe (and both if you go to a retreat in Iceland--technically speaking).

And writers flew away with their pens to...


photo by ldyck

Canada

Vancouver Island
application deadline:  February 20


Toronto, Ontario
application deadline:  June 7


United States





Iceland



England


Wales


Scotland






Sunday, September 23, 2018

In Icelandic (short story) by Leanne Dyck

This short story was inspired by something my Icelandic-Canadian grandma saw on a bus.


photo by ldyck

In Icelandic

The elderly women were already seated when the young man climbed onto the bus. The minute he sat down, they started talking—in Icelandic.

"He's so handsome," said one of the women. 

"Yes," the other agreed. "I wonder if he's married."

Her friend nudged her arm. "Oh, go on. You're much too old."

"Not for me—for my granddaughter. But if I were forty years younger."

They shared a giggle.

The subject of their attention pulled the cord, requesting the bus driver to stop. The young man offered them a smile as he passed their bench. "Have a good day, ladies," he said—in Icelandic.



Next Post:  Books with pictures aren't just for children. On Sunday, September 30, I share my favourite illustrated books for adults. 


photo by ldyck

Sharing my author journey...

You:  It's summer's end, Leanne. How did you do with your spring and summer projects?
Me:  Well...

Sunday, June 17, 2018

Book Review: Independent People (an Icelandic classic) by Halldor Laxness

Knowing that my mom's people came from Iceland, a friend lent me her copy of...



"an Icelandic classic" ldyck



first published (in two volumes) in 1934-1935
first published in Great Britain in 1945
paperback published in 2001 
by The Harvill Press an imprint of Random House

Set in rural Iceland before, during, and after World War I, Independent People follows Bjartur of Summerhouses', a sheep farmer, struggle for independence.
Bjartur of Summerhouses:  ' "People who aren't independent aren't people. A man who isn't his own master is as bad as man without a dog." ' (p. 41)
Fell King:  ' "The love of freedom and independence has always been a characteristic of the Icelandic people. Iceland was originally colonised by freeborn chieftains who would rather live and die in isolation than serve a foreign king." ' (p. 79)
This epic tale transcends the written word. Told in the old way, at night, around a campfire, you carefully listen to the storyteller. The story demands your attention.
'Poetry...shows us the lot of man so truthfully and so sympathecially and with so much love for that which is good that we ourselves become better persons and understand life more fully than before, and hope and trust that good may always prevail in the life of man.' (p. 244)
Bjartur fails to achieve his goal of financial independence, but, in the final pages, he learns that there's something more important--being connected to family.

 More...
'If you look at novels from a couple of centuries back, they are full of description, because novel writing evolved from storytelling. Modern readers consider that sort of lengthy description an intrusion by the author and an impediment to the flow of the story.' 
Gordon Long, 6 Key Differences Between Storytelling and Writing


"writers at the workshop" ldyck

Next post:  Sunday, June 24 (approximately 5 PM PST)
On June 8, Author Susin Neilsen visited the Mayne Island library and she... Well, you'll read all about her writers' workshop and author talk next Sunday.

"Abby at one of her favourite places" ldyck

Sharing my author journey...

Sunday, August 6, 2017

Discovering Land (short story) by Leanne Dyck

On Friday, August 4 those of Icelandic descent met in Gimli, Manitoba for the Islendingadagurinn (Icelandic Festival of Manitoba). This year's theme was Discover Your Land. Sadly, I wasn't there. But I did celebrate by writing this short story...


Discovering Land


All Jacky wants is sleep, but her husband won't let her. He rolls in the bed like hair in curlers. It gets worse. Now John is calling out, "It's a lie. It's a lie. It's all lies."

She flicks on the lamp. "What's that, dear?"

"It's a lie. It's a lie. It's all--"

She nudges him awake. "What's the matter, John?"

"Huh. What? Huh."

"Tell me what's troubling you."

"Nothing."

"Look, John, that might work with some but not me. I know it's something. Out with it, so I can get back to sleep."

"That space program. I've investigated. It's all a sham," he tells her.

"So they can't send a man to the moon."

He shakes his head.

"Oh, well. Night." She reaches for the lamp.

"No, you don't understand. I'm the president. When the bacon hits the pan I'll have to eat it."

That silences her. But her bottom lip doesn't tremble; her eyes don't fill with tears. "What you need is a camera crew, actors, bubble suits with motorcycle helmets. Oh, yes and a setting. Let me think." It only takes less than a minute. "Yes, of course, Iceland. It looks like the moon."


Photo by LDyck of Iceland (2007)

More...

Keep reading for more photos of Iceland taken on my trip in 2007.

Sunday, July 16, 2017

Shakespeare and Snorri by Leanne Dyck

For a while now I've planned to do some research on famous authors for my blog. Recently I followed through on this plan and I'd like to present, for your reading pleasure, want I've found.

In a nutshell, I found conspiracy and greed.




William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the English language'

born:  1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, United Kingdom
Occupation:  Playwright
wrote from  1590 to 1613
wrote 37 plays, 160 poems and Sonnets
Conspiracy:  but did he write them all by himself? Or did Marlow help him?
died:  1616 in Stratford-upon-Avon, United Kingdom
how:  it's a mystery, but there is some speculation that he drank himself to death

Century upon century later, his work still charms us...

Bard on the Beach Shakespeare Festival (BC)

Shakespeare in the Ruins (Manitoba)

Shakespeare on the Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan)

Stratford Festival (Ontario)





(Illustration of Thor and his eight legged horse--a story by Snorri Sturluson)

Snorri Sturluson

His genius lay in his power to present all that he perceived critically as a historian with the immediacy of drama

born:  1179 in Dalasysla, Iceland
Occupation:  Historian, Poet, Politician (Chieftan)
wrote from 1223 to 1235
wrote the Prose Edda and Heimskringla

Using his considerable literary talent, Snorri gained favour with the Norwegian king. The Prose Edda repopularized figures from Norse mythology -- Thor (the god of war), Odin (all father) and Loki (the trickster). 

Through the Prose Edda, I hear Snorri say to the Norwegian king, "Remember this, your people and my people we're the same."

The Heimskringla is a history of the Norwegian kings from Odin to Magnus Erlongsson (1184).

Here, I hear Snorri say, "I know how powerful you are. Iceland knows how powerful you are. We don't want our independence. Why would we? It's just talk."

And thus Snorri feathered his own nest while selling out his country.

Did it work? Well...

died:  1241
how:  King Haakon ordered Snorri's assassination

Next post:  Book review:  Short by Holly Goldberg Sloan and Room by Emma Donoghue -- Target reader
Published:  Sunday, July 23 at approximately 5 PM PT




Read on to discover the dog part to this story...

Monday, May 12, 2014

A born storyteller passes away

My mom had three sisters. Unfortunately, the eldest moved away before I could get to know her. The other two served as "foster" mothers when my mom wasn't around—which was rare, but it happened. 


Back row:  me and my mom
Front row:  Aunty Lil, Grandma, Aunty Helga

Nurtured in this large nest, I grew. Until, one day, I met a man. He swept me off my feet. When I regained my footing, I stood on B.C. soil—two provinces away. People here don't know anything about my past. I find this freeing but at times lonely.


Ten years ago, my Aunty Helga moved from Manitoba's Interlake region—where she'd lived her entire life—to Salt Spring Island, B.C. She was 79. I travelled to that neighbouring island to visit her every opportunity I got. These visits usually lasted for two days. It was fun to become reacquainted with her, now as an adult. My aunt and I shared many common interests--crafts,  storytelling and pride in our Icelandic-Canadian heritage, to name but three. People from many corners of the earth have been the recipients of my aunt's quilts. And, of course, most members of her family have at least one.



When people ask me how my writing is going, I've learned to self-edit. I've learned to answer, "Fine."
But that answer wasn't sufficient for my aunt. She listened attentively as I outlined my latest plot.
"Remember to leave room for humour," she'd often advise.
In turn, she'd entertain me with stories about her life—growing up on a farm, working in Winnipeg, life as a newlywed, raising her children... My favourite stories featured my mom. The sisters had always been close. And by the things Aunty Helga said, I know she took my mom's death very hard—as did I. Sometimes Aunty Helga accompanied her stories with a snapshot or two. She was our family archivist—her camera recording every major event. 
Contrary to what I told myself, Aunty Helga made me feel that my writing was important and that becoming an author was a worthy profession. In fact, occasionally, she said, "You know, I think I could have been an author."



In 2009, I self-published Maynely A Mystery. It was my first novel, and I was very happy that it did so well on Mayne Island. With that title, I didn't expect it to do well elsewhere. But I took it to Salt Spring Island anyway. A few days after I made my delivery, I was surprised to receive a phone call from a bookstore owner. 
"You have to bring us more copies. We've sold out," he told me.
Upon further inquiry, I discovered the source of my success. My aunt had picked up several copies for our family.



Our friendship soared to new heights when, in 2007, my husband led us from Canada to Iceland. This was my aunt's second visit to Europe. She'd visited Ireland ten years earlier—when she was 72.



My aunt recently passed away... She was 89. 

This is my tribute to a mothering aunt, supportive friend, dynamic senior citizen, proud Icelandic-Canadian, and true storyteller.
***
Guest:  mystery author Sharon Rowse

Sharing my author journey...

Monday, November 18, 2013

Byron's Sweater (free knitting pattern)

My husband doesn't like wearing sweaters. That's not unusual. And not really a problem. Unless... Unless you're an aspiring knitwear designer--as I was from 2002 to 2010. So I decided to design a sweater he would wear. My first step: consult him on the design. My next step: consult him on the yarn. My last step: consult him on the fit. This sweater is truly a combined effort. Yet I didn't hesitate to claim I designed it.


Well, look at it.
Do you blame me?

I was still working on the sweater when we vacationed in Hofsos, Iceland. I finished it while there and I had my first International photo shot. Hofsos is a picturesque village in northern Iceland. 





Byron's Daylight in Hofsos sweater 
was first published in 
Knit Together: 
the quarterly publication of Canadian Guild of Knitters 
(November, 2007)

Skill level:  Beginner

Materials:
Cabin Fever Aran Tweed or Kraemer Tatamy Tweed Worsted
250 yards per 100 gram ball - 8 [9, 10, 10, 11] balls
OR 1475 [1650, 1825, 1825, 2025] yards
1350 [1500, 1650, 1650, 1850] metres
worsted weight yarn

1 pair 5 mm 8 US 6 UK straight needles
or whatever size necessary to obtain tension

Tension:  16 stitches = 4 inches/10 cm

Size:  
Finished sweater:  
Chest:  38 [42, 46, 50, 54] inches
97 [107, 117, 127, 137] cm
Length:  25.5 [26.5, 27, 27.5, 28.5] inches
65 [67, 68.5, 70, 72] cm

Instructions are given for smallest size with instructions for larger sizes placed in square brackets []. When only one instructions is given, work it for all sizes.

Rib stitch
Row 1 (right side):  knit to end of row
Row 2:  knit one, purl one--to end of row
Repeat rows 1 and 2 for pattern

Seed stitch (over even number of stitches)
Row 1:  knit one, purl one--to end of row
Row 2:  purl one, knit one--to end of row
Repeat rows for pattern

Stockinette stitch
Row 1 (right side):  knit--to end of row
Row 2:  purl to end of row
Repeat rows 1 and 2 for pattern

Back
Cast on 76 [84, 92, 100, 108] stitches
Work in rib stitch for 2.5 inches (6 centimetres)
Work in Stockinette stitch for 14 [14.5, 15, 15, 15.5] inches 
35.5 [37, 38, 38, 39.5] centimetres 
For tall size, add 2 inches (5 centimetres)
Armhole shaping:
Decrease 8 stitches at the beginning of next 2 rows
60 [68, 76, 84, 92] stitches remaining
Work in Stockinette for 9 [10, 10, 11, 11.5] inches 
23 [25.5, 25.5, 28, 29] centimetres
Shoulder shaping:
Cast off 8 [6, 8, 10, 12] stitches at beginning of next 2 [4, 4, 4, 4] rows
44 stitches remain for all sizes
Collar:  Work in seed stitch for 4 inches (10 cm) 
Cast off

Front
Cast on 76 [84, 92, 100, 108] stitches
Work in rib stitch for 2.5 inches (6 centimetres)
Establish pattern:  Work 12 [12, 12, 12, 14] stitches in Stockinette stitch, 10 stitches in seed stitch, 54 [62, 70, 78, 84] stitches in Stockinette stitch
Work established pattern for 14 [14.5, 15, 15, 15.5] inches 
35.5 [37, 38, 38, 39.5] centimetres
Tip:  Place a stitch marker at each side of seed stitch panel
Armhole shaping: 
Decrease 8 stitches at the beginning of next 2 rows.
60 [68, 76, 84, 92] stitches remain
Check:  with right side facing there are 4 [4, 4, 6] stitches in Stockinette stitch, 10 stitches in seed stitch, 46 [54, 62, 70, 76] stitches in Stockinette stitch
Continue for 4 [4, 5, 5, 5] inches
10 [10, 13, 13, 13] centimetres
Yoke
Establish pattern:  (right side facing) Work 4 [4, 4, 4, 6] stitches in Stockinette stitch, 10 stitches in seed stitch, 18 [20, 22, 26, 26] stitches in Stockinette stitch.
60 [68, 76, 84, 92] stitches remain
Continue as established for 2 [2.5, 2.5, 3, 3] inches
5 [6.5, 6.5, 7.5, 7.5] centimetres
Right side facing for next row. On next row, join a new ball of yarn in the centre of the seed stitch yoke panel, using one ball on each half of front. 
Continue working in pattern as established until armhole measures 8 [9.5, 9.5, 10, 10] inches
20 [24, 24, 25.5, 25.5] centimetres
Widen yoke as follows:  Work 4 [4, 4, 4, 6] stitches in Stockinette stitch, 26 [30, 10, 10, 10] stitches in seed stitch, 0 [0, 2, 6, 8] stitches in Stockinette stitch, 22 stitches in seed stitch, 0 [0, 22, 22, 22] stitches in seed stitch, 8 [12, 16, 20, 24] stitches in Stockinette stitch
60 [68, 76, 84, 92] stitches remain
Continue until armhole measures 9 [10, 10, 11, 11.5] inches
23 [25.5, 25.5, 28, 29] centimetres
Shoulder shaping:  
Cast off 8 [6, 8, 10, 12] stitches at the armhole edge of next 2 [4, 4, 4,4] rows
22 stitches on each side of yoke for all sizes.
Collar:
Continuing as for yoke, with separate ball of yarn for each half of front, work in seed stitch stitch for 4 inches (10 centimetres)
Cast off

Sleeves (make 2)
Cast on 72 [80, 80, 88, 92] stitches
Work in Stockinette stitch for 2 inches (5 centimetres)
Increase 1 stitch at the beginning and end of next row
74 [82, 82, 90, 94] stitches
Work in Stockinette stitch for 1 inch (2.5 centimetres)
Decrease 1 stitch at the beginning and end of next and every following 6th row until 50 [58, 58, 60, 64] stitches remain
Continue in Stockinette stitch until sleeve length is 2 [2, 2.5, 3, 3.5] inches 
5 [5, 6, 7.5, 9] centimetres less than desire length
Wrong side facing for next row
Decrease 8 [16, 16, 18, 22] stitches evenly across next row
42 stitches remain
Work in rib stitch for 2 [2, 2.5, 3, 3.5] inches 
5 [5, 6, 7.5, 9] centimetres
Cast off

Finishing
Attach sleeves, sew side, shoulder, collar and sleeve seams. Weave in ends.
***
Next post:  Meeting the Canadian Authors Association